Rawhide, formally He Who Uses Rawhide Well, was born in the winter of 1852 into a
Apsáalooke band in
unorganised U.S. territory, later becoming the
Montana Territory. From a young age he showed strong practical skills, crafting and repairing tools and equipment, earning him his name, and developing a reputation as a weary but proficient marksman. He began to ride with small hunting parties at fourteen, and despite his efficiency, struggled with authority, stubbornly ignoring orders he considered foolish or unsafe.
As a boy he undertook a
vision quest, expected to return with spiritual guidance or purpose. He endured the fast and isolation but received no vision, leaving him worried that he lacked the strength for spiritual discipline.
Rawhide frequently clashed with one particular leader he viewed as reckless: his own father. Before a planned raid against the
Lakota, he criticised the strategy but was dismissed. Out of spite, he attempted to dishonour him by misleading both sides during a trade meeting. However, after being threatened by the Lakota intermediaries, he warned them of the raid. The attack failed disastrously, and accusations quickly fell on him, later confirmed by his father. Shamed and condemned as a traitor, Rawhide was exiled at seventeen.
In 1874 he encountered a wounded soldier, separated from his unit. Despite his hesitation at the sight of the uniform, Rawhide treated his wounds and stayed until he could move again. Before parting, the soldier suggested joining the army. With nowhere else to go, Rawhide tentatively accepted.
Rawhide was assigned him to ride with other
Crow scouts, learning enough English to follow orders. During the
Great Sioux War, he was shot from his horse and nearly
scalped when mistaken for dead, leaving a scar across his forehead. Though respected as a scout, he refused leadership roles, saying he could not be trusted to guide others. He was discharged two years later.
After wandering north, Rawhide came upon a cabin inhabited by an elderly woman. He offered to work for her in exchange for food, and she allowed him to stay. They soon grew close; she taught him to read and write, while he handled the physical labor. She was already ill when he arrived, and Rawhide remained with her until she passed away. He buried her on a nearby hillside and continued living in the cabin afterward.